Abstrak
ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh masih dominannya penggunaan metode ceramah dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Hindu di SMA Negeri 3 Palangka Raya. Meskipun metode ceramah dinilai efektif untuk menyampaikan materi secara sistematis, pelaksanaannya belum sepenuhnya sejalan dengan tuntutan Kurikulum Merdeka yang menekankan pembelajaran berpusat pada peserta didik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis: (1) implementasi metode ceramah dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Hindu, (2) kendala yang dihadapi dalam implementasinya, dan (3) solusi yang dilakukan untuk mengatasi kendala tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori Konstruktivisme Jean Piaget untuk menganalisis implementasi pembelajaran dan Theory of Constraints (TOC) untuk menganalisis kendala beserta solusi yang diterapkan. Teori yang digunakan untuk menganalisis rumusan masalah adalah: 1) Teori Kontruktivisme, 2) Teori Kendala. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan lokasi penelitian di SMA Negeri 3 Palangka Raya. Sumber data penelitian yaitu sumber data primer dan sumber data sekunder. Metode pengumpulan data yaitu observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi metode ceramah telah dilaksanakan melalui tiga tahapan, yaitu persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi pembelajaran. Pada tahap persiapan, guru menyusun modul ajar, tujuan pembelajaran, materi, serta instrumen penilaian. Pada tahap pelaksanaan, guru membuka pembelajaran dengan salam, doa bersama, absensi, dan pertanyaan pemantik, kemudian menyampaikan materi menggunakan metode ceramah yang dipadukan dengan tanya jawab dan diskusi serta mengaitkan materi dengan kehidupan sehari-hari peserta didik. Tahap evaluasi dilakukan melalui tes tertulis, penugasan, serta penilaian terhadap keaktifan dan pemahaman peserta didik. Kendala yang dihadapi meliputi pembelajaran yang cenderung monoton, rendahnya partisipasi peserta didik, perbedaan karakteristik peserta didik, serta kurangnya kreativitas guru dalam mengembangkan variasi pembelajaran. Untuk mengatasi kendala tersebut, guru mengembangkan metode ceramah interaktif, memanfaatkan media pembelajaran, meningkatkan kompetensi profesional melalui pelatihan dan supervisi, serta menerapkan pembelajaran kontekstual disertai praktik langsung. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa metode ceramah masih relevan digunakan dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Hindu apabila dikembangkan secara inovatif, dikombinasikan dengan metode pembelajaran yang lebih interaktif, serta disesuaikan dengan karakteristik peserta didik dan tuntutan pembelajaran abad ke-21. ABSTRACT This research was motivated by the continued dominance of the lecture method in Hindu Religious Education learning at SMA Negeri 3 Palangka Raya. Although the lecture method is considered effective for delivering learning materials systematically, its implementation has not been fully aligned with the principles of the Merdeka Curriculum, which emphasizes student-centered learning. This study aimed to analyze: (1) the implementation of the lecture method in Hindu Religious Education learning, (2) the obstacles encountered in its implementation, and (3) the solutions adopted to overcome these obstacles. This study employed Jean Piaget's Constructivist Theory to analyze the implementation of the learning process and the Theory of Constraints (TOC) to examine the obstacles and the solutions applied. The theories used to analyze the research problems were: (1) Constructivist Theory and (2) Theory of Constraints. This study employed a qualitative descriptive approach and was conducted at SMA Negeri 3 Palangka Raya. The data sources consisted of primary and secondary data. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings revealed that the implementation of the lecture method was carried out through three stages: preparation, implementation, and evaluation. During the preparation stage, teachers developed teaching modules, learning objectives, learning materials, and assessment instruments. During the implementation stage, teachers began the lesson with greetings, joint prayer, attendance checking, and stimulating questions, followed by the delivery of learning materials using the lecture method combined with question-and-answer sessions and discussions while relating the materials to students' daily lives. The evaluation stage was conducted through written tests, assignments, and assessments of students' participation and understanding. The obstacles encountered included monotonous learning activities, low student participation, differences in students' characteristics, limited teacher creativity in developing varied instructional strategies. To address these obstacles, teachers combined the lecture method with other instructional methods, utilized learning media, enhanced their professional competence through training and supervision, and implemented contextual learning accompanied by practical activities. This study concludes that the lecture method remains relevant in Hindu Religious Education learning, provided that it is implemented innovatively, integrated with more interactive instructional methods, and adapted to students' characteristics and the demands of twenty-first-century learning.